PostGIS is an open source, freely available, and fairly OGC compliant spatial database extender for the PostgreSQL Database Management System. In a nutshell it adds spatial functions such as distance, area, union, intersection, and specialty geometry data types to the database. PostGIS is very similar in functionality to SQL Server 2008 Spatial support, ESRI ArcSDE, Oracle Spatial, and DB2 spatial extender. The latest release version now comes packaged with the PostgreSQL DBMS installs as an optional add-on. As of this writing PostGIS 2.0.0 is the latest stable release.
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